Syllabus Edition
First teaching 2014
Last exams 2024
Which of the following statements about cellular respiration is correct?
Cellular respiration involves the conversion of ADP and phosphate to form ATP.
Cellular respiration involves the conversion of ATP to ADP and phosphate.
Cellular respiration always produces carbon dioxide.
Cellular respiration is the controlled release of energy from inorganic compounds.
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The apparatus shown can be used to measure the rate of oxygen consumption of germinating seeds during aerobic respiration.
What would happen to the coloured liquid in the capillary tube when the seeds respire?
The fluid moves towards the seeds.
The fluid expands due to an increase in temperature.
The volume of the fluid decreases as oxygen is being used up.
The fluid moves away from the seeds.
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Which of the following statements correctly describes anaerobic respiration in yeast?
I. The breaking down of glucose to yield products of ethanol and carbon dioxide.
II. The ethanol produced is toxic to the cell.
III. Lactic acid is produced as a metabolic waste product.
IV. Yields more ATP than aerobic respiration.
I. and IV.
I. II. and IV.
I. and II.
III. and IV.
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Which of the following is a major benefit of anaerobic respiration during exercise in humans?
Glucose molecules are fully oxidised during anaerobic respiration.
Anaerobic respiration can supply ATP very rapidly for a short period of time.
It produces useful byproducts.
Anaerobic respiration can supply ATP indefinitely.
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What is the principle reason why mitochondria are so prevalent in mammalian skeletal muscle?
Mitochondria can generate energy anaerobically.
Mitochondria store glycogen.
Mitochondria release energy for muscle contractions.
They help excrete carbon dioxide from the cell.
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Which of the following statements are correct?
I, II, and IV
III and IV
II and IV
IV
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What happens when ATP is converted to ADP?
A net release of energy.
A net amount of energy is destroyed.
It can never be reconverted to ATP.
A phosphate is added.
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Which of the following correctly describe anaerobic respiration in yeast vs. mammalian cells?
| Anaerobic respiration in mammalian cells | Anaerobic respiration in yeast cells | |
| A | Only occurs in absence of oxygen. | Carbon dioxide bubbles cause bread dough to rise. |
| B | Fewer molecules of ATP per glucose are produced compared to aerobic respiration. | Wine, beer, and other alcohols including biofuels use anaerobic respiration of yeast cells. |
| C | Build up of carbon dioxide causes muscle fatigue and cramps. | Does not produce ATP molecules. |
| D | More ATP is produced than in aerobic respiration | Lactate is produced and collected as biofuel. |
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Which of the following is not considered an advantage of anaerobic respiration?
ATP is still produced even in low or no Oxygen environments.
Anaerobic respiration allows for short, quick bursts of energy.
Lactate builds up in muscle fibres in humans.
Yeast releases carbon dioxide bubbles in baking.
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The diagram below shows a respirometer used to measure the respiration rate of germinating bean seeds.
What direction will the manometer fluid move and what is the role of the liquid placed in the bottom of each tube?
| Direction of movement of the manometer fluid | Role of liquid at the bottom of the tubes | |
| A | Up the left side | To release energy |
| B | Down the right side | To absorb carbon dioxide |
| C | Down the left side | It is the independent variable |
| D | Down the right side | To react with the oxygen produced |
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The rate of oxygen consumption was compared in yeast cells incubated with and without glucose at three different temperatures under aerobic conditions. The yeast cells were incubated for a period of 3 minutes during which the rate of O2 consumption was measured with an O2 sensor.
What can be concluded from the results of this experiment?
Glucose affects the rate of oxygen consumption at higher temperatures less than it does at lower temperatures.
Rate of cell respiration increases with temperature.
Glucose is broken down faster at 55oC.
Yeast does not break down glucose at lower temperatures.
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Which of the following is not an ethical consideration you should take when working on experiments that use a respirometer to measure respiration rate?
All hazards should be minimized. The animal should not suffer pain, be harmed, or be put at risk in any way.
Animals should be returned to their natural habitat as soon as data is collected.
If an alternative method exists that uses animals instead of plants, it should be used as it provides more accurate data.
It is important to carefully weigh the benefit of learning with the potential harm and choose the most appropriate and ethical method.
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Which of the following require ATP?
I, II, and IV
III and IV
II and IV
IV
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Which of the following statements correctly describe aerobic and anaerobic cell respiration in some organisms?
| Aerobic cell respiration | Anaerobic cell respiration | |
| A | Products are carbon dioxide and water | Does not produce ATP |
| B | Much higher number of ATP molecules produced | Completely oxidizes glucose |
| C | Lipids and proteins can also be used as substrates | Products are lactate and ATP |
| D | Occurs in the cytoplasm | Occurs in the mitochondria |
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The diagram shows a typical respirometer set-up.
What is the solution at the bottom of the tubes and what is its function?
| Solution | Function | |
| A | Acid | To ensure equal volumes of air in both tubes. |
| B | Acid | To accurately measure the amount of carbon dioxide consumed. |
| C | Alkali | To protect the organism. |
| D | Alkali | To absorb carbon dioxide. |
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Which of the following statements would be a perceived advantage of ATP?
I. ATP is a stable molecule.
II. Acts as an instant source of energy for the cell.
III. It is a universal energy carrier and can be used in many chemical reactions.
IV. It is a small mobile molecule which can be easily transported to other cells.
I. II. III. and IV.
I. and II.
II. and III.
II. III. and IV.
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An athlete ran 1600m on a treadmill and the speed intensity was varied throughout to simulate race conditions.
The athlete's blood was sampled every 60 seconds and the blood lactate concentration was measured as shown.
Which statement provides the most likely explanation for the blood lactate concentration between 3 to 5 minutes?
| 3 to 4 minutes | 4 to 5 minutes | |
| A | The athlete increases their running intensity and their muscles resort to anaerobic respiration | The athlete has slowed down and oxygen is being used to break down the lactate |
| B | The athlete increases their running intensity and their muscles resort to anaerobic respiration |
The athlete has stopped running and carbon dioxide is being used to break down the lactate |
| C | The athlete continues at the same pace but there is not sufficient oxygen to break down the lactate |
The athlete is getting tired and starts to run at a slower intensity so the muscles produce less lactate. |
| D | The athlete increases their running intensity and the muscles continue to utilise aerobic respiration | The athlete is getting tired and starts to run at a slower intensity so the muscles produce less lactate. |
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The influence of volume of starter culture on the rate of anaerobic respiration of yeast was investigated using the following experimental apparatus, the data is also shown.
Which of the following statements could explain the decrease in carbon dioxide production?
I. Oxygen is still present so the yeast respire aerobically.
II. The glucose source is depleted.
III. Accumulation of ethanol is toxic to the yeast.
IV. The starting cultures were different concentrations.
I. II. and III.
I. II. III. and IV.
II. III. and IV.
II. and III.
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An investigation was carried out to study the effect of cyanide on ATP synthesis in a suspension of intact mitochondria. The graph below shows the results of the investigation.
Which statement best explains the trends shown in the data?
Cyanide interferes with ATP synthesis through aerobic respiration.
Cyanide interferes with ATP synthesis through both aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
Cyanide splits ATP molecules to yield ADP and phosphate.
At high concentrations of cyanide, only anaerobic respiration occurs.
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A respirometer was used to investigate the rate of oxygen consumption in aerobic respiration by germinating seeds. The apparatus used in the investigation are shown.
Which of the following statements about the use of respirometers are correct?
I. There are ethical concerns with using any live organism.
II. The water bath is maintained at 25•C because slight variations in temperature can affect air pressure.
III. The temperature of the water bath can be altered to investigate how temperature affects the rate of respiration.
IV. As CO2 is absorbed by the KOH, the air pressure is reduced inside the sealed chamber (labelled 2).
I. II. and IV.
II. III. and IV.
I. III. and IV.
I. II. III. and IV.
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