Syllabus Edition
First teaching 2014
Last exams 2024
1 markWhich statement puts the blood vessels into increasing order of lumen diameter (interior diameter)?
capillary → artery → arteriole → aorta
arteriole → artery → capillary → aorta
aorta → artery → arteriole → capillary
capillary → arteriole → artery → aorta
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1 markWhich are chambers of the heart?
I. Atrium
II. Aorta
III. Ventricle
IV. Lumen
I and III
I, II and III
III and IV
I and II
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1 markWhich shows the correct links between tissues within blood vessels and their modes of action?
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1 markWhich statement about the human circulatory system is FALSE?
The double circulatory system is a closed loop.
In the double circulatory system, blood passes through the heart twice on each full circuit of the body.
Blood bathes the cells in each organ that it is supplied to.
The systemic circulation loop supplies blood to all the major body organs including the brain.
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1 markWhich describes the sequence of chambers and vessels through which blood flows after it has left the vena cava, on its way to the lungs?
right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary artery → lungs
left atrium → left ventricle → pulmonary artery → lungs
right atrium → right ventricle → aorta → lungs
left atrium → left ventricle → pulmonary vein → lungs
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The image below shows two structures commonly found in mammals. A light microscope was used to view the sample.
Identify the structures labelled X and Y along with one correct feature of these structures.
|
|
X | Y | Feature |
| A | Vein | Artery | Y contains deoxygenated blood |
| B | Trachea | Artery | the lumen of X allows air to pass through |
| C | Artery | Vein | Y contains many cells filled with oxyhaemoglobin |
| D | Artery | Vein | X contains many cells filled with oxyhaemoglobin |
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Galen developed theories about circulation which were later disregarded as a result of the work of William Harvey.
Which of the following statements correctly defines a theory?
A carefully thought out idea with accompanying evidence that explains observations of the natural world.
A prediction about the result we expect to see from an investigation.
A phenomenon which the scientific community has observed.
A proposed idea to be tested by experimentation and observation.
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The table gives the features of three blood vessels in the mammalian circulatory system.
| Vessel 1 | Vessel 2 | Vessel 3 |
| Thin layer of smooth muscle with few elastic fibres | Thick layer of elastic fibres and smooth muscle | No elastic fibres or smooth muscle |
What are vessels 1, 2 and 3?
| Vein | Capillary | Artery | |
| A | 3 | 2 | 1 |
| B | 1 | 3 | 2 |
| C | 2 | 3 | 1 |
| D | 1 | 2 | 3 |
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The graph below shows the pressure in different parts of the heart during one cardiac cycle.
At which point does the semilunar valve of the aorta close?
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The diagram below shows the heart and associated blood vessels.
Which of the following would be correct for the flow of blood through the heart?
4 → 3 → 2 → 1
3 → 4 → 2 → 1
2 → 1 → 4 → 3
1 → 2 → 3 → 4
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The graph below shows the pressure in different parts of the left side of the heart during one cardiac cycle.
At the end of which section in the graph (A, B, C or D) would the ventricle be full of blood?
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The diagram below shows two cardiac cycles of a patient. The events of the cycle are placed next to a timescale.
What is the patient’s heart rate in beats per minute?
80
60
120
65
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The diagram shows a fault in the wall of the atria.
Which of the following would describe the effect of this fault?
Irregular heartbeat.
Ventricular systole is delayed.
Increased pressure in the pulmonary artery.
Reduced oxygen saturation of haemoglobin.
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Which of the following is not a contributing factor of atherosclerosis formation?
Damage to the endothelium of the arteries.
High levels of high density lipoproteins in the blood.
Enlarged phagocytes covered in smooth muscle.
Calcium ion deposition.
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Which statement accurately describes the raising of heart rate by the cardioregulatory centre of the brain?
Low blood pressure, high blood oxygen concentration, and high blood pH result in a nerve signal sent by the acceleratory centre to speed up heart rate.
Low blood pressure, low blood oxygen concentration, and low blood pH result in a nerve signal sent by the acceleratory centre to speed up heart rate.
High blood pressure, high blood oxygen concentration, and high blood pH result in a nerve signal sent by the acceleratory centre to speed up heart rate.
High blood pressure, low blood oxygen concentration, and low blood pH result in a nerve signal sent by the acceleratory centre to speed up heart rate.
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1 markWhich was a feature of Galen's theory of blood flow prior to his theory being superseded by that of William Harvey?
Blood flows in a closed loop
Blood is constantly re-used throughout a day
The heart is a pump
Blood flow is bidirectional
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1 markA student studied the structure of a blood vessel and found:
Which vessel was the student studying?
Vein
Capillary
Venule
Artery
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1 markThe aquatic crustacean the water flea (Daphnia magna, pictured below) has a heart that pumps blood-like liquid called hemolymph around its body cavity. 
Which statement about Daphnia magna's circulatory system is correct?
single closed
single open
double closed
double open
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1 markThe graph shows changes in pressure at various stages of the cardiac cycle.
Which statement describes the events at point Y of the graph?
Ventricular systole
The ventricle contracts
↓
Pressure in the left ventricle goes higher than in the aorta
↓
Aortic valve opens and blood is forced into the aorta
Early diastole
Left ventricle is empty
↓
Muscles in the walls of the left ventricle relax and pressure drops below the pressure in the aorta
↓
Aortic valve closes
Diastole
The relaxed left atrium fills with blood, causing the pressure in the atrium to exceed that in the empty ventricle
↓
The AV valve opens
Late diastole
There is a short period of time during which the left ventricle expands due to relaxing muscles
↓
This increases the internal volume of the left ventricle and decreases the ventricular pressure
↓
At the same time, blood is flowing slowly through the newly opened AV valve into the left ventricle, causing a brief decrease in pressure in the left atrium
↓
The pressure in both the atrium and ventricle then increases slowly as they continue to fill with blood
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1 markWhich is not a feature of the sinoatrial node (SAN)?
It acts as a natural pacemaker
It is formed from a group of highly specialised muscle cells
It occupies the area between the right atrium and the right ventricle
It sends out a wave of electrical activity, causing contraction, across both atria and both ventricles
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