What are the elements in the Periodic Table arranged in order of?
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What are the elements in the Periodic Table arranged in order of?
Elements in the Periodic Table are arranged in order of increasing atomic number.
What is a row in the Periodic Table known as?
A row in the Periodic Table is known as a period.
Why are elements placed in the same group?
Elements are placed in the same group because they have the same number of electrons in the outer shell.
Why are sodium and magnesium both in Period 3 of the Periodic Table?
Sodium and magnesium both in Period 3 of the Periodic Table because they both have their outer electron in the 3rd energy level.
True or False?
Group 17 elements react in a similar way as they have the same number of electron shells.
False.
Group 7 elements react in a similar way as they have the same number of electrons in their outermost shell.
What are outer electrons also known as?
Outer electrons are also known as valence electrons.
Give the four main blocks in the Periodic Table.
The four main blocks in the Periodic Table are:
s-block
p-block
d-block
f-block.
Why is sodium located in s-block of the Periodic Table?
Sodium located in s-block of the Periodic Table because it's outer electrons is in the s subshell.
An element has the electronic configuration:
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d104s2 4p4 .
Which block of the Periodic Table is this element located in?
The element with the electronic configuration, 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p4 , is in p-block.
An element has the electronic configuration:
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d104s2 4p4 .
Which period and Group of the Periodic Table is this element located in?
The element with the electronic configuration, 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p4 , is in Period 4, Group 6.
Why is hydrogen placed in a group on its own?
Hydrogen is placed in a group on its own because it does not share physical and chemical properties with members of the other groups.
What information does the electron configuration provide about an element's position in the Periodic Table?
The electron configuration provides information about an element's period, group, and block in the Periodic Table.
Name Group 1 of the Periodic Table.
Group 1 of the Periodic Table is called the alkali metals.
Which group of the Periodic Table is the halogens?
The halogens are Group 17 of the Periodic Table.
Name Group 18 of the Periodic Table.
Group 18 of the Periodic Table is called the noble gases.
Where are transition elements located in the Periodic Table?
Transition metals are located in d-block of the Periodic Table.
True or False?
The Period number shows the outer energy levels that is occupied by electrons.
True.
The Period number shows the outer energy levels that is occupied by electrons.
An element is located in Group 2, Period 3.
Give its electronic configuration.
The electronic configuration of the element in Group 2 Period 3 is:
1s22s22p63s2
An element is located in Group 17, Period 5.
Give its electronic configuration.
The electronic configuration of the element in Group 17, Period 4 is:
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p5
An element has the electronic configuration:
[Ar]3d64s2
Where is this element located in the Periodic Table?
This element is a transition element, located in d block of the Periodic Table in Period 4.
True or False?
The number of valence electrons always equals the group number for all elements.
False.
The number of valence electrons equals the group number for main group elements, but not for transition elements.
Define ionisation energy.
The ionisation energy (IE) of an element is the amount of energy required to remove one mole of electrons from one mole of atoms of an element in the gaseous state to form one mole of gaseous ions.
X (g) → X+ (g) + e-
Explain the trend in atomic radius across Period 3.
Going across Period 3, atomic radius decreases because:
The nuclear charge increases
So, there is a greater attraction between the nucleus and the electrons.
Define electron affinity.
Electron affinity is the amount of energy released when one mole of electrons is gained by one mole of atoms of an element in the gaseous state to form one mole of gaseous ions.
X (g) + e- → X- (g)
Explain the trend in electronegativity down a group.
Going down a group electronegativity decreases because the nuclear charge, atomic radius and shielding by inner electrons increases. So, there is less attraction between the nucleus and outer bonding electrons.
True or False?
Atomic radii increases going down a group.
True.
Atomic radii increases going down a group.
Explain why the first ionisation energy increases across a period.
The first ionisation energy increases across a period because the nuclear charge increases but there is similar shielding and the distance between the nucleus and outer electron remains reasonably constant so more energy is needed to remove an electron.
The unit of electron affinity is .
The unit of electron affinity is kJ mol-1.
True or False?
Electron affinities generally increase down a group.
False.
Electron affinities generally decrease down a group.
Going across a period, the electronegativity of an element .
Going across a period, the electronegativity of an element increases.
Explain why the ionic radius of Mg2+ is smaller than the ionic radius of Na+.
The ionic radius of Mg2+ is smaller than the ionic radius of Na+ because the magnesium ion has a higher nuclear charge and fewer electrons so there is a greater force of attraction between them.
Name the two products formed when sodium reacts with water.
The two products formed when sodium reacts with water are sodium hydroxide and hydrogen.
Give two properties of Group 1 metals.
Properties of Group 1 metals are:
They are soft
They have relatively low densities
They have relatively low melting points
They are very reactive.
Explain why the alkali metals share similar chemical properties.
The alkali metals share similar chemical properties because they have the same number of electrons in the outer shell.
Write the word equation for the reaction between lithium and water.
The word equation for the reaction between lithium and water is:
lithium + water → lithium hydroxide + hydrogen
Write the balanced symbol equation for the reaction between potassium and water.
The balanced symbol equation for the reaction between potassium and water is:
2K (s) + 2H2O (l) → 2KOH (aq) + H2 (g)
Name the product formed when sodium reacts with oxygen.
The product formed when sodium reacts with oxygen is sodium oxide.
Describe the trend in reactivity going down Group 1.
Going down Group 1, reactivity increases.
Apart from fizzing / effervescence, state two other observations that would be made when sodium is added to water.
Other observations include:
Floating
Moving
Melting / turning into a ball / sphere
Getting smaller / disappearing / dissolving
Leaving a white trail.
Describe the trend in melting point going down Group 1.
Going down Group 1, melting point decreases.
True or false?
Going down Group 1, density of the elements increases.
True.
Going down Group 1, density of the elements increases.
Why are Group 1 known as the alkali metals?
Group 1 metals are known as the alkali metals because they form alkaline solutions when they are added to water.
Why does the reactivity of Group 1 metals increase down the group?
The reactivity of Group 1 metals increases down the group because the outer electron is further from the nucleus and more shielded, which means that there is a weaker force of attraction. This makes it easier to lose the outer electron in reactions.
True or False?
All the alkali metals react vigorously with the halogens to form an alkali metal halide salt.
True.
All the alkali metals react vigorously with the halogens to form an alkali metal halide salt.
How do halogens form halide ions?
Halogens form halide ions by gaining one electron to complete their outer shell.
True or False?
The reactivity of halogens increases as you go down Group 17.
False.
The reactivity of halogens decreases as you go down Group 17.
What is a halogen displacement reaction?
A halogen displacement reaction occurs when a more reactive halogen displaces a less reactive halogen from an aqueous solution of its halide.
What is the trend in melting and boiling points of halogens down Group 17?
The melting and boiling points of halogens increase as you go down Group 17.
True or False?
Chlorine can displace iodine from an aqueous solution of potassium iodide.
True.
Chlorine can displace iodine from an aqueous solution of potassium iodide.
Why does the reactivity of halogens decrease down Group 17?
The reactivity of halogens decreases down Group 17 because:
The number of shells of electrons increases so shielding also increases
This means that the outer electrons are further from the nucleus
There are weaker electrostatic forces of attraction that attract the extra electron needed
So, it is harder to gain an electron
Give the colour and state of chlorine at room temperature.
The colour and state of chlorine at room temperature is a pale yellow-green gas.
Give the colour and state of iodine at room temperature.
At room temperature, iodine is a grey-black solid.
True or False?
The halogens are monoatomic.
False.
The halogens are diatomic.
Write the balanced symbol equation for the reaction between potassium iodide and bromine.
The balanced symbol equation for the reaction between potassium iodide and bromine is:
Br2 + 2KI → 2KBr + I2
Explain why iodine cannot displace chlorine from potassium chloride.
Iodine cannot displace chlorine from potassium chloride because iodine is less reactive than chlorine.
When chlorine displaces bromine from potassium bromide, what colour will the solution turn?
When chlorine displaces bromine from potassium bromide the solution will turn orange.
True or False?
When potassium iodide reacts with bromine, a brown solution is formed.
True.
When potassium iodide reacts with bromine, a brown solution is formed.
What is the general trend in the acid-base character of oxides across a period?
The acid-base character of oxides changes from basic through amphoteric to acidic across a period.
An oxide that can act both as a base and as an acid is known as an oxide.
An oxide that can act both as a base and as an acid is known as an amphoteric oxide.
Name the amphoteric oxide in Period 3.
The amphoteric oxide in Period 3 is aluminium oxide.
True or False?
Metallic oxides generally form acids when they react with water.
False.
Metallic oxides generally form hydroxides (bases) when they react with water.
What type of compounds do non-metallic oxides form when they react with water?
Non-metallic oxides form acids when they react with water.
Write the balanced symbol equation for the reaction between magnesium oxide and water.
The balanced symbol equation for the reaction between magnesium oxide and water is:
MgO (s) + H2O (l) → Mg(OH)2 (aq)
Give the pH of the solution formed when NO2 is added to water.
The pH of the solution formed when NO2 is added to water is pH 1.
How does the pH of solutions formed by metal oxides change across a period?
The pH of solutions formed by metal oxides decreases (becomes less basic) across a period.
True or False?
The oxides of elements become more ionic as you go across a period.
False.
The oxides of elements become less ionic and more covalent as you go across a period.
Name the product formed when SO2 is added to water.
The product formed when SO2 is added to water is sulfurous acid, H2SO3 (aq).
True or False?
Calcium oxide forms a solution with a higher pH than sodium oxide when added to water.
False.
Calcium oxide forms a solution with a lower pH than sodium oxide when added to water.
What type of structure does SiO2 have?
SiO2 has a giant covalent structure.
Give the formula of the two products formed when NO2 is added to water.
The formula of the two products formed when NO2 is added to water are HNO3 and HNO2.
Define the term oxidation state.
The oxidation state is a number assigned to an atom to show the number of electrons transferred in forming a bond. It is the charge that atom would have if a compound was composed of ions.
True or False?
Oxidation states are always positive.
False.
Oxidation states can be positive, negative, or zero.
What is the oxidation number of an atom in its elemental state?
The oxidation number of an atom in its elemental state is 0.
State the oxidation number of hydrogen in most compounds.
The oxidation number of hydrogen in most compounds is +1.
What is the oxidation number of oxygen in most compounds?
The oxidation number of oxygen in most compounds is -2.
Give the oxidation states of Group 2 elements.
The oxidation states of Group 2 elements is +2.
Give the oxidation number of sulfur in SO42-.
The oxidation number of sulfur in SO42- is +6.
Give the oxidation state of oxygen in hydrogen peroxide, H2O2.
The oxidation state of oxygen in hydrogen peroxide, H2O2, is -1.
True or False?
In either a compound or an ion, the more electronegative element is given the positive oxidation number.
False.
In either a compound or an ion, the more electronegative element is given the negative oxidation number.
The oxidation state of an element in a mono-atomic ions is always the same as the .
The oxidation state of an element in a mono-atomic ions is always the same as the charge.
What is the oxidation state of hydrogen in, sodium hydride, NaH?
The oxidation state of hydrogen in, sodium hydride, NaH, is -1.
What is the oxidation state of Zn?
The oxidation state of Zn is 0 because it is an element.
True or False?
The oxidation state of Fe2+ is +2.
True.
The oxidation state of Fe2+ is +2.
Give the oxidation state of aluminium in Al2Cl6.
The oxidation state of aluminium in Al2Cl6 is +3.
What is the oxidation state of Mn in KMnO4?
The oxidation state of Mn in KMnO4 is +7.