What is a nucleophile ?

A nucleophile is an electron-rich species that can donate a pair of electrons.

What is a nucleophilic substitution reaction?

A nucleophilic substitution reaction is one in which a nucleophile attacks a carbon atom which carries a partial positive charge.

Complete the equation for the following reaction: CH 3 CH 2 Cl + :OH – →

The equation for the completed reaction is: CH 3 CH 2 Cl + :OH – → CH 3 CH 2 OH + :Br –

True or False? Water can act as a nucleophile.

True. Water can act as a nucleophile.

True or False? A nucleophile accepts an electron pair to form a new bond, as another bond breaks producing a leaving group.

False. A nucleophile donates an electron pair to form a new bond, as another bond breaks producing a leaving group.

Give two examples of neutral nucleophiles.

Examples of neutral nucleophiles include: H 2 O NH 3 ROH RNH 2

Give two examples of charged nucleophiles.

Examples of charged nucleophiles include: OH - CN - X - R - (carbonaions)

Why do halogens make good leaving groups?

Halogens make good leaving groups as they form relatively weak bonds with carbon.

True or False? Haloalkanes will undergo nucleophilic substitution reactions due to the polar C-X bond (where X is a halogen).

True. Haloalkanes will undergo nucleophilic substitution reactions due to the polar C-X bond (where X is a halogen).

What is heterolytic fission ?

Heterolytic fission is the breakage of a covalent bond when both bonding electrons remain with one of the two fragments formed.

In heterolytic fission, a arrow is used to show the movement of a pair of electrons.

In heterolytic fission, a double-headed arrow is used to show the movement of a pair of electrons.

What is an electrophile ?

An electrophile is an electron-deficient species that can accept a pair of electrons.

What is an electrophilic addition reaction?

An electrophilic addition reaction is the addition of an electrophile to an alkene double bond, C=C

Give two examples of neutral electrophiles.

Examples of neutral electrophiles include: HX (hydrogen halides) X 2 (halogens) H 2 O RX (halogenoalkanes)

Give two examples of charged electrophiles.

Examples of charged electrophiles include: H + NO 2 + NO + R +

Propene reacts with steam to form ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ .

Propene reacts with steam to form propanol .

Propene reacts with HCl to form ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ .

Propene reacts with HCl to form chloropropane .

True or False? Halogens, X 2 , react with alkenes to form dihalogenoalkanes.

True. Halogens, X 2 , react with alkenes to form dihalogenoalkanes.

Why are alkenes susceptible to electrophilic attack?

Alkenes are susceptible to electrophilic attack because of the high electron density of the carbon–carbon double bond

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What is a nucleophile?

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What is a nucleophile?
A nucleophile is an electron-rich species that can donate a pair of electrons.
What is a nucleophilic substitution reaction?
A nucleophilic substitution reaction is one in which a nucleophile attacks a carbon atom which carries a partial positive charge.
Complete the general mechanism for nucleophilic substitution.
The completed general mechanism for nucleophilic substitution is:
Complete the equation for the following reaction:
CH₃CH₂Cl + :OH^– →
The equation for the completed reaction is:
CH₃CH₂Cl + :OH^– → CH₃CH₂OH + :Br^–
True or False?
Water can act as a nucleophile.
True.
Water can act as a nucleophile.
True or False?
A nucleophile accepts an electron pair to form a new bond, as another bond breaks producing a leaving group.
False.
A nucleophile donates an electron pair to form a new bond, as another bond breaks producing a leaving group.
What is formed from this mechanism?
CH₃CH₂OH and :Br^- are formed in this reaction.
Give two examples of neutral nucleophiles.
Examples of neutral nucleophiles include:
- H₂O
- NH₃
- ROH
- RNH₂
Give two examples of charged nucleophiles.
Examples of charged nucleophiles include:
- OH^-
- CN^-
- X^-
- R^-(carbonaions)
Why do halogens make good leaving groups?
Halogens make good leaving groups as they form relatively weak bonds with carbon.
True or False?
Haloalkanes will undergo nucleophilic substitution reactions due to the polar C-X bond (where X is a halogen).
True.
Haloalkanes will undergo nucleophilic substitution reactions due to the polar C-X bond (where X is a halogen).
What is heterolytic fission?
Heterolytic fission is the breakage of a covalent bond when both bonding electrons remain with one of the two fragments formed.
In heterolytic fission, a arrow is used to show the movement of a pair of electrons.
In heterolytic fission, a double-headed arrow is used to show the movement of a pair of electrons.
What is H⁺ in the following mechanism described as?
In the following mechanism, H⁺ is acting as an electrophile.
What is OH^- in the following mechanism described as?
In the following mechanism OH^- is acting as a nucleophile.
What is an electrophile?
An electrophile is an electron-deficient species that can accept a pair of electrons.
How does the following mechanism show heterolytic fission?
The mechanism shows heterolytic fission as the more electronegative atom takes both the electrons from the bond to form a negative ion and leaves behind a positive ion.
What is an electrophilic addition reaction?
An electrophilic addition reaction is the addition of an electrophile to an alkene double bond, C=C
Give two examples of neutral electrophiles.
Examples of neutral electrophiles include:
- HX (hydrogen halides)
- X₂ (halogens)
- H₂O
- RX (halogenoalkanes)
Give two examples of charged electrophiles.
Examples of charged electrophiles include:
- H⁺
- NO₂⁺
- NO⁺
- R⁺
Propene reacts with steam to form ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ .
Propene reacts with steam to form propanol.
Propene reacts with HCl to form ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ .
Propene reacts with HCl to form chloropropane .
True or False?
Halogens, X₂, react with alkenes to form dihalogenoalkanes.
True.
Halogens, X₂, react with alkenes to form dihalogenoalkanes.
Why are alkenes susceptible to electrophilic attack?
Alkenes are susceptible to electrophilic attack because of the high electron density of the carbon–carbon double bond
Draw the product formed by the reaction between propene and bromine.
The product formed by the reaction between propene and bromine is:

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