The Equilibrium Law (DP IB Chemistry: HL)

Equilibrium expression & constant

• The equilibrium expression is an expression that links the equilibrium constant, K_c, to the concentrations of reactants and products at equilibrium taking the stoichiometry of the equation into account
• So, for a given reaction:

aA + bB ⇌ cC + dD

the K_c is expressed as follows:

Equilibrium expression linking the equilibrium concentration of reactants and products at equilibrium

• Solids are ignored in equilibrium expressions
• The K_c of a reaction is specific to a given equation

Answer:

• The size of K_c tells us how the equilibrium mixture is made up with respect to reactants and products

• If K_c > 1, the concentration of products is greater than the concentration of reactants and we say that the equilibrium lies to the right hand side
• If K_c < 1, then the concentration of reactants is greater than the concentration of products and we say that the equilibrium lies to the left hand side
• K_c is a constant at a specified temperature
• Since temperature can affect the position of equilibrium it follows that K_c is dependent on temperature

Answer:

• • 1 and 2: As K_c is very much smaller than 1 the denominator in the equilibrium expression must be much larger than the numerator so the concentration of the reactants is much larger than the concentration of products. The equilibrium mixture contains mostly reactants
  • 3: As K_c is very much larger than 1 the numerator in the equilibrium expression must be much larger than the denominator so the concentration of the products is much larger than the concentration of reactants. The equilibrium mixture contains mostly products