Electrons in Atoms (DP IB Chemistry: HL)

Identify element X and give its full electron configuration.

Successive ionisation energies provide evidence for the arrangement of electrons in atoms. In the table below the successive ionisation energies of oxygen are given.

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Amorphous(unorganized solid form) boron is used as a rocket fuel igniter and in pyrotechnic flares.

Using the table in part (a) and sections 1 and 2 of the data booklet, calculate the wavelength, in nm, of the convergence limit in the spectral lines of an oxygen atom.

Aluminium has 13 successive ionisation energies.

On the figure below, add crosses to show the 13 successive ionisation energies of aluminium. The value for the first ionisation energy is already completed.

You do not have to join the crosses.

This question is about ionisation energies of an element, X.

The figure below represents the log of the first ten successive ionisation energies of X plotted against the number of electrons removed.

State the group of the periodic table where element X is found.

Element A has the following first six ionisation energies in kJ mol^-1.

577, 1820, 2740, 11 600, 14 800, 18 400

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The first ionisation energies of the elements H to K are shown below in the figure below

State and explain the trend in first ionisation energies shown by the elements with the atomic numbers 2, 10 and 18

Compound J reacts with chlorine. The first five successive ionisation energies for an element J, are shown in the table below.

State the formula of the compound when element J reacts with chlorine.

The figure below shows the successive ionisation energies for a period 2 element.

With reference to electronic structures, state the identity of this element and explain your answer.

Electrons in atoms occupy orbitals. The figure below shows the first ionisation energies for six consecutive elements labelled A–F in kJ mol^-1. 

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The sequence of the first three elements in the Periodic Table is hydrogen, helium and then lithium.

Explain why the first ionisation energy of hydrogen is less than that of helium but greater than that of lithium.

Using the figure in part (a) and sections 1 and 2 of the data booklet, calculate the frequency, in THz, of the convergence limit of a single atom of element C.

The prefix Tera, T, corresponds to a power of 10¹².

The table below shows the successive ionisation energies of an unknown element, X. 

Deduce the group number and identity of element X and explain your answer with reference to its electron configuration.

First ionisation energies decrease down groups in the Periodic Table.

Explain this trend and the effect on the reactivity of groups containing metals.

The ionisation energy values show a general increase across period 4 from gallium to krypton.