IBChemistry: HLDPTopic Questions8. Acids & Bases8.1 Theories & Reactions of Acids & Bases

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First teaching 2014

Last exams 2024

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Theories & Reactions of Acids & Bases (DP IB Chemistry: HL)

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8.1 Theories & Reactions of Acids & Bases

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8.1 Theories & Reactions of Acids & Bases

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11 mark

Using your knowledge of the Brønsted-Lowry theory, which of the following correctly describes ammonia?

  • neutral

  • acid

  • base

  • amphoteric

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21 mark

In the Brønsted–Lowry theory of acids and bases, the difference between a conjugate acid and its conjugate base is the presence of which of the following?

  • a positive charge

  • a pair of electrons

  • a proton

  • a hydrogen atom

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31 mark

Which of the following ions or compounds is amphiprotic?

  • P4O10

  • PO43−

  • HCO3−

  • Al2O3

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41 mark

In the following reaction, identify which two species are acting as Brønsted–Lowry acids

H3PO4 (aq) + OH− (aq)  ⇋ H2PO4− (aq) + H2O (l)

  • H2PO4− (aq) and OH− (aq)

  • H3PO4 (aq) and H2PO4− (aq)

  • H2PO4− (aq) and H2O (l)

  • H3PO4 (aq) and H2O (l)

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51 mark

Potassium hydrogen carbonate reacts vigorously with dilute sulfuric acid. Identify the correct formulas of the substances produced in the reaction

  • K2SO4 + H2O + CO2

  • K2SO4 + CO2

  • KSO4 + H2O + CO2

  • KSO4 + H2CO3

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61 mark

Copper(II) sulfate can be made by the reaction between dilute sulfuric acid and which of the following?

  1. Cu
  2. CuO
  3. CuCO3

  • I and II only

  • I and III only

  • II and III only

  • I, II and III

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71 mark

Which statement is correct for the following equation?

HSO4- (aq) + OH- (aq) ⇌ SO4- (aq) + H2O (l)

  • OH- and H2O are an acid and conjugate base pair

  • SO4- is acting as Brønsted–Lowry acid

  • HSO4- and SO4- are a base and conjugate acid pair

  • OH- and H2O are a base and conjugate acid pair

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81 mark

Which row shows the correct acid and base needed to make the salt specified? 

 

Acid

Base

Salt

A

NaHCO3

SO2

Na2SO4

B

HNO3

SO3

(NH4)2SO4

C

H2SO4

ZnO

ZnSO3

D

H2SO4

NH4OH

(NH4)2SO4

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    91 mark

    Which is a conjugate acid-base pair?

    HCO3- (aq) + H2O (l)  ⇌ CO32- (aq) + H3O+ (aq)

    • HCO3- / H3O+

    • HCO3- / CO32- 

    • H2O / CO32- 

    • HCO3- / H2O

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    101 mark

    Which coefficients balance the following acid-base equation?

    Al(OH)3 (s) + HNO3 (aq)  ⇌ Al(NO3)3 (aq) + H2O (l)

    A

    3

    1

    3

    1

    B

    2

    2

    1

    3

    C

    1

    3

    1

    3

    D

    1

    2

    1

    2

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      11 mark

      The typical reactions of dilute acids include them being able to react with

      1. NaHCO3
      2. Mg
      3. Cu

      • I and II only

      • I and III only

      • II and III only

      • I, II and III

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      21 mark

      The following reaction occurs between concentrated sulfuric and nitric acids.

      H2SO4 + HNO3 ⇋  H2NO3+ + HSO4-

      Identify the two species which are acting as Brønsted–Lowry bases.

      • H2NO3+ and HSO4-

      • HNO3 and H2NO3+

      • H2SO4 and HSO4- 

      • HNO3 and HSO4-

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      31 mark

      What role does each species play in the equilibrium below according to Brønsted-Lowry theory?

      CH3COOH + HCl  ⇌ CH3COOH2+ + Cl-

       

      CH3COOH

      HCl

      CH3COOH2+

      Cl-

      A

      acid

      base

      base

      acid

      B

      acid

      base

      acid

      base

      C

      base

      acid

      base

      acid

      D

      base

      acid

      acid

      base

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        41 mark

        Perbromic acid, HBrO4 , is an example of a strong acid when dissolved in water. What is true about perbromic acid?

        • HBrO4 is largely found as molecules in the solution

        • HBrO4 solution reacts only with strong bases

        • HBrO4 is fully dissociated in solution

        • HBrO4 has a pH greater than 7

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        51 mark

        Potassium hydrogenphosphate has the formula K2HPO4 . What is the conjugate base of this compound?

        • H2PO4-

        • KHPO42-

        • PO43-

        • KH2PO4

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        61 mark

        For the equilibrium equation shown, which species are Brønsted-Lowry acids?

        H3NSO3 (aq) + 2NH3 (aq) ⇌ HNSO32- (aq) + 2NH4+ (aq)

        • NH4+ and NH3

        • NH4+ and HNSO32-

        • H3NSO3 and HNSO32-

        • H3NSO3 and NH4+

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        71 mark

        Which would be formed when calcium oxide reacts with hydrochloric acid ?

        • Calcium chloride and carbon dioxide

        • Calcium chloride, hydrogen gas and water

        • Calcium, hydrogen gas and water

        • Calcium chloride and water

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        81 mark

         What is the sum of the coefficients when the following acid-base equation is balanced?

        _HNO3 (aq) + _Mg(HCO3)2 (s) →  _Mg(NO3)2 (aq) + _H2O (l) + _CO2  (g)

        • 5

        • 6

        • 7

        • 8

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        91 mark

        Which oxides react with calcium oxide?

        1. SO2
        2. NO2
        3. K2O

        • I and II only

        • I and III only

        • II and III only

        • I, II and III

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        101 mark

        Which row correctly describes the reaction specified?

         

        Reaction

        Energy change

        A

        metal displacement

        endothermic

        B

        neutralisation

        exothermic

        C

        combustion

        endothermic

        D

        melting ice

        exothermic

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          11 mark

          Some species may be classified as amphiprotic, some as amphoteric and some as both. Which of the following applies to HPO42−?

          • Amphiprotic but not amphoteric

          • Amphoteric but not amphiprotic

          • Amphiprotic and amphoteric

          • Neither amphiprotic nor amphoteric

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          21 mark

          The aromatic compound phenol, C6H5OH, behaves as a weak acid, due the presence of a hydroxyl group on the benzene ring. What is the correct formula of the conjugate base formed when phenol dissociates?

          • C6H4--OH 

          • C6H5-OH2+

          • C6H5-O-

          • C6H6+-OH 

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          31 mark

          What is the sum of the coefficients when the following acid-base equation is balanced?

          _Al2(CO3)3 (s) + _HNO3 (aq)  ⇌ _Al(NO3)3 (aq) + _H2O (l) +  _CO2 (g)

          • 6

          • 7

          • 14

          • 15

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          41 mark

          Which of the following substances can be used to prepare magnesium sulfate by a neutralization reaction with dilute sulfuric acid?

          1. Mg
          2. MgO
          3. MgCO3

          • I and II only

          • I and III only

          • II and III only

          • I, II and III

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          51 mark

          Phosphoric acid is a polyprotic acid and can produce amphiprotic species when it dissociates. Which of the following species is amphiprotic?

          1. HPO42−
          2. H2PO4−
          3. PO43−

          • I and II only

          • I and III only

          • II and III only

          • I, II and III

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          61 mark

          Use the following reactions to answer the question below:

          H2O (l) + F- (aq) ⇌ HF (aq) + OH- (aq)

          H2O (l) + HNO3 (aq) → H3O+ (aq) + NO3- (aq)

          H2O (l) + CO2 (g) ⇌ H2CO3 (aq)

          H2O (aq) +  NH3 (aq) ⇌ NH4OH (aq) 

          Which of the following statements is true?

          • HNO3 and H2O both act as acids once

          • H2O is shown acting as a Bronsted-Lowry acid only

          • H2O reacts as an acid twice

          • H2O is shown as a diprotic acid

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          71 mark

          Which species are Bronsted-Lowry acids in the reaction shown?

          H2PO4− (aq) + CN- (aq) ⇌  HCN (aq)  + HPO42− (aq)

          • HCN and H2PO4−

          • HCN and CN-

          • H2PO4− and HPO42−

          • HCN and HPO42−

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          81 mark

          Which of the following solutions will react with a strip magnesium ribbon?

          • Sodium hydrogencarbonate

          • Sodium hydrogensulfate

          • Ammonia

          • Limewater

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          91 mark

          Which substance reacts with ammonia but is not a Brønsted–Lowry acid?

          • HCl

          • CH3COOH

          • BF3

          • CF3COOH

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          101 mark

          Which row shows the correct systematic name of the acid?

           

          Formula

          Name

          A

          HClO3

          chloric(V) acid

          B

          H2SO3

          hydrogensulfate(VI) acid

          C

          H3PO3

          phosphoric(V) acid

          D

          HNO2

          nitrous acid

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