Poverty Traps (HL IB Economics)

Revision Note

Understanding Poverty Trap

  • There are many causes of poverty. However, poor countries have several common characteristics which can be summarised in a poverty cycle diagram

5-2--poverty

Poverty is caused by a lack of both economic growth and human development
  

Development

  • Low wages: represent the intersection of economic growth and human development and are the major cause of poverty

    • Low wages are usually the result of unemployment, informal employment, a lack of skills, or a primary sector based economy
       

  • Low levels of education and healthcare: cost money and with lower wage levels these are not accessible

    • People find it harder to stay well or to recover from illness
       

  • Low levels of human capital: low education and healthcare lead to low levels of human capital, which reduces productivity
      

  • Low productivity: results in low wages and the cycle continues 
     

Growth

  • Low wages: represent the intersection of economic growth and human development and are the major cause of poverty 

  • Low saving: with low wage levels it is much harder to save as any money is spent on necessities

  • Low investment: savings drive investment as firms are able to borrow money from commercial banks. Low levels of savings mean that banks have less money available for investment

  • Low economic growth: low levels of investment hold back productivity and economic growth

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