The Causes of Inequality and Poverty
Causes of Poverty
- There are many causes of poverty. However, poor countries have several common characteristics, which can be summarised in a poverty cycle diagram
Poverty is caused by a lack of both economic growth and human development
- Low wages represent the intersection of economic growth and human development and are the major cause of poverty
- Low wages are usually the result of unemployment, informal employment, a lack of skills, or a primary sector based economy
- Education and healthcare cost money and with lower wage levels these are not accessible, resulting in poor human capital
- People find it harder to stay well or to recover from illness resulting in lower productivity and shorter life expectancy
- Low productivity results in low wages and the cycle continues
- Populations with a large number of dependents (old people and children) for each working household tend to experience higher levels of poverty
Causes of Inequality
- There are numerous factors that cause wealth and income inequality
- It is generally true that developed countries have a larger tax base and are able to provide a better level of support to the poorest households in the economy, than developing countries are able to
Causes of Wealth and Income Inequality
Cause |
Explanation |
Differences in human capital |
|
Inequality of opportunity |
|
Different levels of resource ownership |
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Discrimination |
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Unequal status and power |
|
Government tax and benefits policies |
|
Globalisation and technological change |
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Market based supply-side policies |
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