IBGeographySLRevision Notes7. Geophysical Hazards7.2 Geophysical Hazard Risks7.2.1 Distribution of Geophysical Hazards

Distribution of Geophysical Hazards (SL IB Geography)

Revision Note

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Distribution of Earthquakes

  • Earthquakes occur at all types of plate boundaries
    • Most occur along the Pacific “Ring of Fire” (approximately 90%)

ring-of-fire-earthquake-hazard-zone

Distribution of earthquakes

Distribution of Volcanoes

  • Most volcanoes occur at constructive and destructive plate boundaries
  • The majority of active volcanoes (approximately 75%) are located around the rim of the Pacific Ocean called the “Ring of Fire”
  • Hotspots occur away from plate boundaries and are plumes/columns of magma that escape through the Earth's crust

distribution-of-volcanic-eruptions

Distribution of volcanic eruptions

Distribution of Mass Movement

  • The majority of mass movements occur in three main areas:
    • Highland areas
    • Along plate boundaries
    • Coastal areas

distribution-of-mass-movement

Distribution of mass movement

Examiner Tip

In the exam, you may be asked to outline factors which affect the distribution of geophysical hazards. You must be able to explain why geophysical hazards are often associated with plate boundaries but also identify other factors which may affect distribution. For example, volcanoes can occur at hot spots as a result of magma plumes.

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Author: Bridgette

After graduating with a degree in Geography, Bridgette completed a PGCE over 25 years ago. She later gained an MA Learning, Technology and Education from the University of Nottingham focussing on online learning. At a time when the study of geography has never been more important, Bridgette is passionate about creating content which supports students in achieving their potential in geography and builds their confidence.