Which research method does Sparrow et al. (2011) use to investigate the relationship between memory, technology, and the 'Google effect'?
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Which research method does Sparrow et al. (2011) use to investigate the relationship between memory, technology, and the 'Google effect'?
Sparrow et al. (2011) uses a lab experiment to investigate the relationship between memory, technology, and the 'Google effect'.
What is the independent variable in Sparrow et al.'s (2011) lab experiment?
The independent variable in Sparrow et al.'s (2011) lab experiment consists of two conditions:
Condition 1: Information saved
Condition 2: Information deleted
Sparrow et al. (2011) uses an independent measures design - what does this mean?
Sparrow et al. (2011) uses an independent measures design where each participant is tested in one condition only = one score only for that condition.
True or False?
Limitations of lab experiments include: replicability, high reliability, generation of quantitative data, establishing cause-effect relationships, and good internal validity.
False.
Strengths of lab experiments include: replicability, high reliability, generation of quantitative data, establishing cause-effect relationships, and good internal validity.
What are standardised procedures and why is this a strength of lab experiments?
Standardised procedures means that the procedures (e.g. instructions) used in research are kept the same. This is a strength of lab experiments as it means they are replicable and the results can be tested for consistency over time (reliability).
What are two limitations of lab experiments?
Limitations of lab experiments include:
Low ecological validity
Difficulty controlling individual differences
Potential order effects
Susceptibility to demand characteristics
What are demand characteristics?
Demand characteristics are when participants try too hard, not hard enough or guess the aim of the research, therefore interfering with the findings' validity.
Which type of experiment does Rosen et al. (2011) use to investigate the impact of multitasking on memory?
Rosen et al. (2011) uses a field experiment to investigate the impact of multitasking on memory.
True or False?
The Rosen et al. (2011) uses a repeated measures design.
False.
Rosen et al. (2011) uses an independent measures design.
What are two strengths of field experiments?
Two strengths of field experiments are:
Th generation of both quantitative and qualitative data
Higher ecological validity
What are the implications of being unable to control all of the extraneous variables in a field experiment?
Being unable to control all of the extraneous variables in a field experiment may lead to confounding variables which would decrease the validity of the findings.
True or False?
In a field experiment, using naïve participants may lead to ethical concerns.
True.
In a field experiment, using naïve participants may lead to ethical concerns e.g. participants may be unable to give informed consent or be given the right to withdraw.
Which research method does Morina et al. (2015) use to analyse the findings of clinical trials in the treatment of phobias?
Morina et al. (2015) uses a meta-analysis to analyse the findings of clinical trials.
What is a meta-analysis?
A meta-analysis combines findings from multiple studies to draw an overall conclusion about a topic.
True or False?
A meta-analysis can only be conducted on studies that generate qualitative data.
False.
A meta-analysis can only be conducted on studies that generate quantitative data as the procedure involves a statistical analysis of numerical research findings.
What are two strengths of meta-analyses?
Two strengths of meta-analyses are:
Large sample size, which increases the robustness of the data
Reduced researcher bias due to the use of secondary data
What are two limitations of meta-analyses?
Two limitations of meta-analyses are:
Secondary data may be less reliable due to possible lack of control by original researchers
it requires confidence in the use of complex statistical techniques