IBChemistrySLTopic QuestionsModels of Bonding & StructureThe Covalent Model

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First teaching 2023

First exams 2025

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The Covalent Model (SL IB Chemistry)

Topic Questions

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The Covalent Model

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The Covalent Model

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11 mark

Silver and iodine are both shiny crystalline solids.

Which forces exist between neighbouring iodine molecules in solid iodine and particles in solid silver?

 

iodine

silver

A

metallic bonds

covalent bonds

B

ionic bonds

metallic

C

covalent bonds

covalent bonds

D

London dispersion forces

metallic

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    21 mark

    Which of these atoms is most electronegative?

    • Cl

    • Mg

    • Br

    • Na

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    31 mark

    Based on their Pauling electronegativity values, which atom is more likely to form a covalent bond with fluorine?

     

    atom

    Pauling value

     

    fluorine

    4.0

    A

    hydrogen

    2.2

    B

    copper

    1.9

    C

    magnesium

    1.3

    D

    potassium

    0.8

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      41 mark

      Hydrazine, N2H4, is a precursor for multiple pharmaceutical compounds. 

      Which of the diagrams below illustrate the most likely structure and bond angle of hydrazine?

      ma1_14-2_ib_sl_mcq_easy

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        51 mark

        Two boron-containing species, boron trifluoride (BF3) and the borohydride ion (BH4-), have different molecular shapes. 

        What are the shapes around the boron atom in these molecules?

         

        boron trifluoride (BF3)

        borohydride ion (BH4−)

        A

        pyramidal

        tetrahedral

        B

        pyramidal

        square planar

        C

        trigonal planar

        tetrahedral

        D

        trigonal planar

        square planar

          Choose your answer

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          61 mark

          Graphite has a structure containing layers of carbon atoms in hexagonal rings.

          Why is graphite a good conductor of electricity?

          • It has delocalised ions which can move and carry charge

          • It has delocalised electrons which are mobile

          • There are only weak London forces between the layers

          • Each carbon atom in the layers has only three covalent bonds

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          71 mark

          What is the correct bond angle in a trigonal planar molecule?

          • 107°

          • 120°

          • 180°

          • 109.5°

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          81 mark

          Which of the following is correct?

           

          Shape of SF6 molecule

          Bond angle in SF6 molecule

          A

          Octahedral

          90°

          B

          Square planar

          90°

          C

          Trigonal bipyramidal

          120°

          D

          Tetrahedral

          109.5°

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            91 mark

            Which statement about the physical properties of substances is correct?

            • Covalent structures always have high melting points

            • Metals only conduct electricity when solid

            • Metals always have high melting points 

            • Ionic substances conduct electricity when liquid 

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            101 mark

            Which of the following statements about graphite is correct?

            • The bond angle in graphite is 109.5 o

            • There are only London forces between the layers of graphite

            • Graphite has a higher melting point than diamond

            • Graphite is soluble in water

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            111 mark

            Which of the following is correct?

             

            Shape of CCl4 molecule

            Bond angle in CCl4 molecule

            A

            Octahedral

            90°

            B

            Square planar

            90°

            C

            Trigonal bipyramidal

            120°

            D

            Tetrahedral

            109.5°

              Choose your answer

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              121 mark

              Which substance is described in the table below?

              Melting point

              Electrical Conductivity

              Solubility

              Very high

              Non-conductor

              Does not dissolve

              • Silicon dioxide

              • Buckminsterfullerene

              • Graphite

              • Sodium chloride 

              Choose your answer

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              131 mark

              Which of the following is the correct resonance hybrid structure of the carbonate ion, CO32-?

              q8_14-2_ib_sl_easy_mcq

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                141 mark

                Which of the following dipole labels are not correct?q1_4-3_ib_sl_easy_mcq

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                  151 mark

                  Which of the following compounds is polar?

                  • CCl4

                  • BF3

                  • PH3

                  • CH3CH3

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                  161 mark

                  Which of the following statements is not correct?

                  • The strongest type of intermolecular force in ammonia is hydrogen bonding

                  • The strongest type of intermolecular force in water is hydrogen bonding

                  • The strongest type of intermolecular force in hydrogen chloride is permanent dipole 

                  • The strongest type of intermolecular forces in ethanol is permanent dipole 

                  Choose your answer

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                  171 mark

                  Which of the following statements about ethylamine, CH3CH2NH2, is correct?

                  • The strongest type of intermolecular force are London dispersion forces

                  • The nitrogen atom does not have a lone pair present

                  • The strongest type of intermolecular force is permanent dipole permanent dipole forces

                  • The strongest type of intermolecular force is hydrogen bonding

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                  181 mark

                  Which of the following statements about butane, CH3CH2CH2CH3, and propanone, CH3COCH3 are correct? 

                  1. The boiling point of propanone is higher than butane
                  2. The boiling point of butane is higher than propanone
                  3. The strongest type of intermolecular force in propanone are permanent dipole permanent dipole forces

                  • I and II only

                  • I and III only

                  • II and III only

                  • I, II and III

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                  19
                  Sme Calculator                  1 mark

                  Which element does not form stable compounds that break the octet rule?

                  • Sulfur

                  • Oxygen

                  • Boron

                  • Chlorine

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                  20
                  Sme Calculator                  1 mark

                  What are the bond angles in a molecule with five electron domains, XY5?

                    Axial bond angles / o Equatorial bond angles / o
                  A. 90 90
                  B. 120 90
                  C. 90 120
                  D. 120 120

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                    21
                    Sme Calculator                    1 mark

                    Which compound contains delocalised electrons?

                    • Cyclohexane, C6H12

                    • Cyclohexene, C6H10

                    • Benzene, C6H6

                    • Cyclohexanol, C6H11OH

                    Choose your answer

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                    22
                    Sme Calculator                    1 mark

                    Which structure does not show resonance?

                    • Carbonate ion, CO32-

                    • Hydroxide ion, OH-

                    • Ethanoate ion, CH3COO-

                    • Nitrate ion, NO3-

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                    11 mark

                    Which of the following statements about 2-methylpropan-2-ol, CH3C(CH3)(OH)CH3, are correct ? 

                    1. The structure contains 16 bonding pair of electrons
                    2. The O-C-C bond angle is 109.5 o
                    3. The total number of electrons is 32

                    • I and II only 

                    • I and III only 

                    • II and III only 

                    • I, II and III

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                    21 mark

                    Which of the following molecules has the biggest overall dipole?

                    q2_4-1_medium_mcq_ib-chemistry-hl

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                      31 mark

                       The electronegativity of four elements are given below 

                      N = 3.0       H = 2.1       F = 4.0      P = 2.1      

                       What is the correct order of polarity for the following compounds

                      • PH3 < PF3 < NF3 < NH3

                      • PH3 < PF3 < NH3 < NF3   

                      • NF3 < NH3 < PH3 < PF3 

                      • PH3 < NH3 < NF3 < PF3 

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                      41 mark

                      Below are four molecules. Which is the most polar molecule present?

                      • CH3NH2

                      • CH4

                      • CCl4

                      • CO2

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                      51 mark

                      The correct order of increasing boiling points for the following compounds is

                      • 1-chlorobutane < butane < butan-1-ol 

                      • Butan-1-ol < 1-chlorobutane < butane, 

                      • Butane < 1-chlorobutane < butan-1-ol 

                      • Butan-1-ol < butane < 1-chlorobutane 

                      Choose your answer

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                      61 mark

                      What is the strongest type of intermolecular force exhibited in the amino acid molecule serine?

                      Otne2dIl_q3_4-3_ib_sl_medium_mcq

                      • London dispersion forces

                      • Permanent dipole permanent dipole forces

                      • Hydrogen bonding

                      • Covalent bonding 

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                      71 mark

                      Hexane, C6H14 and 2,2-dimethylbutane, CH3C(CH3)2CH2CH3, are two isomers of one another and have the same Mr of 86.0. 

                      Hexane has a higher boiling point than 2,2-dimethylbutane. 

                      Which of the following statements is not correct?

                      • hexane has a higher boiling point because it is a straight chain molecule

                      • 2,2-dimethylbutane has a lower boiling point as it is a branched molecule 

                      • 2,2-dimethylbutane only contains London dispersion forces 

                      • hexane contains permanent dipole permanent dipole forces

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                      81 mark

                      Which of the following statements about propanal and propanone are correct?

                      q6_4-3_ib_sl_medium_mcq

                      1. The strongest type of intermolecular force in both molecules is hydrogen bonding
                      2. The strongest type of intermolecular force in both molecules is permanent dipole permanent dipole forces
                      3. Both compounds are soluble in water

                      • I and II only

                      • I and III only

                      • II and III only

                      • I, II and III

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                      91 mark

                      Which molecule has the lowest boiling point?

                      • CH3CH2CHO

                      • CH3CH2CH2Cl

                      • CH3CH2CH3

                      • CH3CH2COOH

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                      101 mark

                      The following equation shows the dissociation equilibrium of PCl5. 

                      PCl5(g) → PCl3(g)  ＋ Cl2(g) 

                      The percentage yield of PCl3 varies with temperature. 

                      At 160°C PCl3 yield is 13% and at 300°C yield is100%. 

                      Which of the following rows is correct?

                       

                      The reaction is

                      Shape of PCl3 molecule

                      A

                      exothermic

                      trigonal pyramidal

                      B

                      exothermic

                      trigonal planar

                      C

                      endothermic

                      trigonal pyramidal

                      D

                      endothermic

                      trigonal planar

                        Choose your answer

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                        111 mark

                        Boron trifluoride, BF3, reacts with trimethylamine, (CH3)3N, to form a compound of formula (CH3)3N.BF3. 

                        How may this reaction be written using 3D structures to show  the shapes of the reactants and products?q2-1_14-2_ib_sl_medium_mcq

                        Choose your answer

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                        121 mark

                        Which of the following statements about graphite are correct? 

                        1.    The carbon atoms are joined together by three covalent bonds
                        2.    Graphite contains delocalised electrons
                        3.    The C-C-C bond angle is 109.5o

                        • I and II only

                        • I and III only

                        • II and III only

                        • I, II and III

                        Choose your answer

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                        131 mark

                        Which statement below shows the correct information about diamond and silicon?

                        • Diamond is macromolecular and silicon is simple molecular

                        • The bond angles in the two structures are the same

                        • The bond lengths are longer in C-C than in Si-Si

                        • Diamond and silicon both conduct electricity due to delocalised electrons in their structure

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                        141 mark

                        How many lone pairs of electrons are there around the chlorine atom in a molecule of chlorine trifluoride, ClF3?

                        • 1

                        • 2

                        • 3

                        • 0

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                        151 mark

                        Which one of these species has a bond angle of 120°?

                        • H3O+  

                        • TlBr32-

                        • BCl3

                        • NH3 

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                        161 mark

                        Which of the following statements about silicon dioxide is correct? 

                        1.    Silicon dioxide forms a giant covalent network
                        2.    Each silicon atom is covalently bonded to four oxygen atoms
                        3.    Silicon dioxide molecules are V-shaped

                        • I and II only

                        • I and III only

                        • II and III only

                        • I, II and III

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                        171 mark

                        Ibuprofen is an anti-inflammatory drug that is used for treating pain, fever and inflammation. The structure is shown below.q8_4-2_ib_sl_medium_mcq 

                        Ibuprofen

                         What are the correct bond angles for a and b?

                         

                        a

                        b

                        A

                        120o

                        120o

                        B

                        107o

                        109.5o

                        C

                        109.5o

                        120o

                        D

                        120o

                        109.5o

                          Choose your answer

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                          181 mark

                          Which of the following molecules obeys the octet rule?

                          • BF3

                          • HCN

                          • BeCl2

                          • CS2

                          Choose your answer

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                          191 mark

                          Which row in the table is correct?

                           

                          Shape of diamond structure

                          Melting point of buckminsterfullerene

                          Bond angle in graphene

                          A

                          Square planar

                          Relatively high

                          90o

                          B

                          Tetrahedral

                          Relatively low

                          107o

                          C

                          Trigonal Planar

                          Relatively high

                          109.5o

                          D

                          Tetrahedral

                          Relatively low

                          120o

                            Choose your answer

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                            201 mark

                            Dichlorodifluoromethane, CCl2F2, has been used in aerosol propellants and as a refrigerant.

                            Which statement helps to explain why dichlorodifluoromethane is chemically inert?

                             

                            • the carbon-fluorine bond energy is large

                            • the carbon-fluorine bond has a low polarity

                            • fluorine is highly electronegative

                            • fluorine compounds are non-flammable

                            Choose your answer

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                            211 mark

                            Which species breaks the octet rule?

                            • PCl3

                            • BF4-

                            • SCl4

                            • NH4+

                            Choose your answer

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                            221 mark

                            Which molecule is trigonal bipyramidal in shape?

                            • PCl3

                            • SiCl4

                            • PCl5

                            • SF6

                            Choose your answer

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                            231 mark

                            Which combination correctly describes the geometry of BrF4- ?

                             

                            Electron domain geometry around Br

                            Molecular geometry around Br

                            A

                            Octahedral

                            Tetrahedral

                            B

                            Tetrahedral

                            Square planar

                            C

                            Octahedral

                            Square planar

                            D

                            Tetrahedral

                            Tetrahedral

                              Choose your answer

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                              241 mark

                              Which species contain delocalised electrons?

                              q1_14-2_ib_hl_medium_mcq

                              • I and II only

                              • I and III only

                              • II and III only 

                              • I, II and III

                              Choose your answer

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                              11 mark

                              CHCl3 and Br2 are both liquids at room temperature due to the existence of dipoles.

                              What dipoles are involved within CHCl3 and Br2?

                               

                              CHCl3

                              Br2

                              A

                              induced dipoles only

                              induced dipoles only

                              B

                              induced dipoles only

                              induced dipoles and permanent dipoles

                              C

                              induced dipoles and permanent dipoles

                              induced dipoles and permanent dipoles

                              D

                              induced dipoles and permanent dipoles

                              induced dipoles only

                                Choose your answer

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                                21 mark

                                What is the correct structure of the chlorite ion, ClO2- ?q3-4-1_hard_mcq_ib-chemistry-sl

                                  Choose your answer

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                                  31 mark

                                  Which of the following statements about 2-chloropropene, CH2C(Cl)CH3 is not correct

                                  • There are 3 lone pairs in the molecule

                                  • There are 24 valence electrons in the molecule 

                                  • The molecule does obey the octet rule

                                  • The molecule does not obey the octet rule

                                  Choose your answer

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                                  41 mark

                                  Which of the following structures do not obey the octet rule?

                                  1. BeCl2
                                  2. BF3
                                  3. H2O

                                  • I and II only

                                  • I and III only

                                  • II and III only

                                  • I, II and III

                                  Choose your answer

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                                  51 mark

                                  Which is the shortest bond length in the following gases?

                                  • oxygen-oxygen in oxygen gas, O2

                                  • carbon-carbon in ethyne gas, C2H2

                                  • nitrogen-nitrogen in nitrogen gas, N2

                                  • oxygen-oxygen in ozone gas, O3

                                  Choose your answer

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                                  61 mark

                                  Which statement best describes the intramolecular bonding in a carbonate ion, CO32-?

                                  • Only London forces

                                  • Electrostatic attraction between pairs of electrons and positively charged nuclei

                                  • Permanent dipole permanent dipole forces

                                  • Electrostatic attraction between separate carbonate ions

                                  Choose your answer

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                                  71 mark

                                  The number of electrons in the valence shell of elements X and Y are 5 and 7 respectively. What is the formula and type of compound formed from these elements?

                                  • Covalent, XY3

                                  • Ionic, XY3

                                  • Covalent, X3Y

                                  • Ionic, X3Y

                                  Choose your answer

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                                  81 mark

                                  In which series of compounds does covalent character increase when going from left to right?

                                  • KI, KBr, KCl

                                  • NaI, KI, RbI

                                  • NaCl, MgCl2, AlCl3

                                  • SO2, P4O10, SiO2

                                  Choose your answer

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                                  91 mark

                                  Which of the following molecules will have the highest boiling point?

                                  • CH3CH2CHO

                                  • CH3CH2CH2NH2

                                  • CH3CH2OCH3

                                  • CH3CH2CH2F

                                  Choose your answer

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                                  101 mark

                                  What is the correct order of boiling points for the following molecules, from lowest to highest?

                                  • CH3F < F2 < CH3CH2F < HF

                                  • F2 < CH3F < CH3CH2F < HF

                                  • F2 < CH3CH2F < CH3F < HF

                                  • HF < CH3CH2F <C H3F < F2  

                                  Choose your answer

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                                  111 mark

                                  In which of the following processes do hydrogen bonds get broken?

                                  • 2HBr (g) → H2 (g) + Br2 (g)

                                  • C2H6 (l) → 2C (g) + 6H (g)

                                  • H2 (l) → H2 (g)

                                  • NH3 (l) → NH3 (g) 

                                  Choose your answer

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                                  121 mark

                                  Hydrogen bonding occurs between molecules of propanal, CH3CH2CHO, and molecules of liquid Y. Which of the following is most likely to be liquid Y?

                                  • CH3CO2CH3

                                  • CH3OH

                                  • CH3COCH3

                                  • CH3CHO

                                  Choose your answer

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                                  131 mark

                                  The following statements are all correct. Which of the statements can be explained, in part, by hydrogen bonding?

                                  1. Ice is less dense than water
                                  2. Butanone has a lower boiling point than butan-1-ol
                                  3. At room temperature butanone can mix with water

                                  • I and II only

                                  • I and III only

                                  • II and III only

                                  • I, II and III

                                  Choose your answer

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                                  141 mark

                                  Hydrogen bonding can occur between propanal, CH3CH2CHO and which other molecule?

                                  • CH3COOH

                                  • CH3CO2CH3

                                  • CH3CH2F

                                  • CH3COCH3

                                  Choose your answer

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                                  151 mark

                                  Which of the following about dimethylamine, NH(CH3)2 , is correct?

                                   

                                  Bond angle

                                  Strongest type of intermolecular force present

                                  A

                                  109.5

                                  Permanent dipole permanent dipole forces

                                  B

                                  109.5

                                  London dispersion forces

                                  C

                                  107o

                                  Hydrogen bonding

                                  D

                                  105o

                                  Hydrogen bonding

                                    Choose your answer

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                                    161 mark

                                    Which of the following statements are correct? 

                                    1. The strongest type of intermolecular force between BF3 molecules are permanent dipole permanent dipole forces
                                    2. The strongest type of intermolecular force between HCN molecules are permanent dipole permanent dipole forces
                                    3. The bond angle in HCN is larger than the bond angle in BF3

                                    • I and II only

                                    • I and III only

                                    • II and III only

                                    • I, II and III

                                    Choose your answer

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                                    171 mark

                                    Which of the species shown below does not have resonance structures?

                                    • C6H6

                                    • CO32-

                                    • C2H4

                                    • O3

                                    Choose your answer

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                                    181 mark

                                    The correct molecular geometry and domain geometry for phosphorus trichloride, PCl3, is:

                                     

                                    molecular geometry

                                    domain geometry

                                    A

                                    trigonal planar

                                    trigonal planar

                                    B

                                    trigonal pyramid

                                    tetrahedral

                                    C

                                    tetrahedral

                                    trigonal planar

                                    D

                                    tetrahedral

                                    trigonal pyramid

                                      Choose your answer

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                                      191 mark

                                      Below are statements about the structure and bonding in silicon dioxide. Which pair of statements is correct?

                                       

                                      structure

                                      bonding

                                      A

                                      silicon dioxide molecules are bent linear

                                      silicon atoms have covalent bonds to two oxygen atoms

                                      B

                                      silicon dioxide has a giant macromolecular structure

                                      each oxygen bonds covalently to one silicon atom

                                      C

                                      silicon dioxide has a giant macromolecular structure

                                      silicon atoms bond to four oxygen atoms

                                      D

                                      silicon dioxide molecules are linear

                                      silicon and oxygen atoms are joined by a double covalent bond

                                        Choose your answer

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                                        201 mark

                                        Which compounds have an ionic lattice structure in the solid state?

                                        1.   silicon dioxide
                                        2.   sodium iodide
                                        3.   ammonium sulfate

                                        • I and II only

                                        • I and III only

                                        • II and III only

                                        • I, II and III

                                        Choose your answer

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                                        211 mark

                                        What is the correct shape of a ClF2- ion?

                                        • Linear

                                        • T-Shaped

                                        • Bent

                                        • Trigonal planar

                                        Choose your answer

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                                        221 mark

                                        The correct shape and bond angle for the TlBr32- ion?

                                         

                                        Shape

                                        Bond angle

                                        A

                                        Pyramidal

                                        120°

                                        B

                                        Pyramidal

                                        107°

                                        C

                                        Tetrahedral

                                        109.5°

                                        D

                                        Tetrahedral

                                        120°

                                          Choose your answer

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                                          231 mark

                                          Which of the following is correct for the molecules of BeCl2 and BeCl42-?

                                           

                                          BeCl2

                                          BeCl42-
                                           

                                          Shape

                                          Bond angle

                                          Shape

                                          Bond angle

                                          A

                                          Linear

                                          109.5°

                                          Square planar

                                          90°

                                          B

                                          V-shaped

                                          107°

                                          Square planar

                                          90°

                                          C

                                          V-shaped

                                          105°

                                          Tetrahedral

                                          109.5°

                                          D

                                          Linear

                                          180°

                                          Tetrahedral

                                          109.5°

                                            Choose your answer

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                                            241 mark

                                            Tramadol is an example of a painkiller which is classed as an opioid analgesic. It binds to opioid receptors in the central nervous system and inhibits noradrenaline and serotonin reuptake inhibiting pain transmission 

                                            The structure is shown below 

                                            Which of the following are the correct bond angles for a, b and c?

                                            q8_4-2_ib_sl_hard_mcq

                                             

                                            a

                                            b

                                            c

                                            A

                                            120o

                                            109.5o

                                            107o

                                            B

                                            120o

                                            107o

                                            105o

                                            C

                                            107o

                                            109.5o

                                            107o

                                            D

                                            109.5o

                                            107o

                                            105o

                                              Choose your answer

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                                              251 mark

                                              Some properties of substance X are given in the following table 

                                              Melting Point

                                              Very high

                                              Strength

                                              Very strong across the layer

                                              Conductivity

                                              Excellent conductor

                                              Example of a Use

                                              Used as a coating for smartphones, tablets and computers

                                              What is a possible identity of substance X?

                                              • Graphene

                                              • Graphite

                                              • Silicon dioxide 

                                              • Buckminsterfullerene

                                              Choose your answer

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                                              261 mark

                                              Sulfur forms the compound S4N4 with nitrogen, the structure is shown below.q10_4-2_ib_sl_hard_mcq

                                                Which of the following statements about S4N4 is correct?

                                              • The sulfur atom marked x has two lone pairs

                                              • The sulfur atom marked y has two lone pairs

                                              • Each N atom has two lone pairs 

                                              • The N-S-N bond angle will be larger than S=N=S bond angle 

                                              Choose your answer

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                                              271 mark

                                              Nitrous acid is produced when nitrogen dioxide dissolves in water to produce acid rain. What is the correct Lewis structure for nitrous acid?

                                              q3-8-3-mcq-hard-ib-chemistry-sl

                                                Choose your answer

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                                                28
                                                Sme Calculator                                                1 mark

                                                Which of the following correctly describes the F-S-F bond angles in sulfur tetrafluoride, SF4?

                                                  Axial F-S-F bond angle / ° Equatorial F-S-F bond angle / °
                                                A. 90 120
                                                B. <90 >120
                                                C.  <90 <120
                                                D. >90 <120

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                                                  29
                                                  Sme Calculator                                                  1 mark

                                                  Which of the following species is polar?

                                                  • ICl4-

                                                  • PF5

                                                  • SO3

                                                  • SH2

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                                                  30
                                                  Sme Calculator                                                  1 mark

                                                  Which species can be represented with only one Lewis structure?

                                                  • H2PO4-

                                                  • O3

                                                  • CH3COCH3

                                                  • 1,3 cyclohexadiene

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                                                  31
                                                  Sme Calculator                                                  1 mark

                                                  In which group do both compounds contain delocalised electrons?

                                                  • K2CO3 and cyclohexene, C6H10

                                                  • KOH and methybenzene, C7H8

                                                  • KHCO3 and buta-1,3-diene, C4H6

                                                  • Methanol and sodium methanoate, HCOONa

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                                                  321 mark

                                                  Which row of the table is correct about the trend and explanation in the boiling points of the alcohols CH3OH, C2H5OH and C3H7OH?



                                                              

                                                               Trend in boiling points                    

                                                                                         Explanation                                                      

                                                      A

                                                  CH3OH ＞C2H5OH ＞ C3H7OH 

                                                  The London dispersion forces decrease with each additional CH2

                                                  B

                                                  CH3OH ＞C2H5OH ＞ C3H7OH 

                                                  The strength of the hydrogen bonds decreases with each additional CH2

                                                  C

                                                  C3H7OH ＞C2H5OH ＞CH3OH   

                                                  The London dispersion forces increase with each additional CH2

                                                  D

                                                  C3H7OH ＞C2H5OH ＞CH3OH  

                                                  The strength of the hydrogen bonds increases with each additional CH2

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